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striped hyena
striped killifish
striped maple
striped marlin
striped muishond
striped mullet
striped racer
striped skunk
Striped snake
striped squirrel
striped violet
striper
stripes
striping
Stripling
stripped
-- stripped-down --
Stripper
stripper well
Strippet
Stripping
striptease
striptease artist
stripteaser
stripy
Strisores
Strive
Strived
Striven
Striver
Striving
Strix
Strix aluco
stripped-down
Adj.
1.
stripped-down
-
having
only
essential
or
minimal
features
; "
a
stripped
new
car
"; "
a
stripped-down
budget
"
Synonyms:
stripped
minimal
,
minimum
,
stripped
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